A loop, not a grid
Indianapolis is unusual among cities its size in that a great deal of ordinary commuting happens on the interstate loop rather than on surface streets. People join it, run it at speed, and leave it.
That produces a highway wear profile inside a metropolitan area, which is not what city mileage normally looks like.
Brakes last a long time. Sustained running asks very little of them, and pads here can outlast two sets of tyres. Long enough, in fact, that corrosion becomes the limiting factor rather than friction — a rotor with plenty of thickness left can be pitted and scaled enough to need replacing.
Everything that rotates accumulates hours. Wheel bearings, constant-velocity joints, tyres and the drivetrain wear by hours under load rather than by stop-start cycles.
Everything that runs continuously counts hours too. The fuel pump, the water pump and the timing drive are hour-life components, and on a loop commuter they arrive well before they would on a city car of the same mileage.
Concrete slab
Much of the loop and the radial interstates are concrete slab with expansion joints, so a car at speed crosses one every few metres.
That is a constant-frequency input into the suspension for the whole of a commute. It does not damage anything the way a pothole does; it fades dampers, because a damper converts movement into heat and this is movement without pause.
Worn dampers here are gradual and drivers adapt. The free test: push down hard on one corner and release. The car should rise and settle in a single movement. Two or more means the damper has stopped controlling the spring — which on concrete at speed is a stability question rather than a comfort one.
Freeze-thaw on the surface streets
Off the loop the surface streets go through a real freeze-thaw cycle, and the potholes that follow are a different load entirely — sharp, one-directional impacts that brinell bearing races, move steering geometry and tear control arm bushings.
An alignment after a hard strike is part of the repair. The geometry moved when the component did.
A freight hub, and no inspection
Indianapolis is a major freight and logistics centre, which means heavy vehicle traffic on the same surfaces and a lot of long-distance driving in the local fleet.
Indiana has no periodic safety inspection and no general emissions testing. Nothing checks brakes, suspension, steering, tyres or lights on any schedule.
For a used car that matters more than usual here, because a loop commuter can present with excellent brakes and a badly worn set of bearings and joints — the opposite of what the pedal feel suggests. Listen for the hum, check for play at 12 and 6 o'clock, and look at the underside for the winter treatment nobody washed off.
Checked